Why use LiDAR to measure the volume of materials? Accurate three-dimensional reconstruction and volume calculation are essential in many applications, such as the terrain assessment of buildings and the amount of materials removed from mines or stored in warehouses. Many non-contact sensors, such as single-point lasers, are useful in certain situations, usually for level measurement or object counting. However, for volume measurement, the entire surface needs to be scanned to detect changes in the material accumulation surface. In contrast, a single-point laser can only measure one point, and multiple measurements can yield the same information. 3D LiDAR can scan the entire environment and generate accurate 3D point clouds containing millions of points. It can generate real-time spatial data on the surface of the object, accurate to the millimeter, and can detect all changes on the surface of the stacked material.

LiDAR can work in dark environments, while most optical reconstruction methods require ambient light. Lidar has a large detection field of view and can collect data from a safe distance. The installation of accurate volume measurement devices in the inventory management system helps reduce inventory errors and ensure on-demand delivery verification and timely delivery. LiDAR-based volume measurement can also achieve accurate production and material level tracking to prevent shortages and backlogs. Easily track supply and demand, and can manage inventory in multiple locations and record inventory history and inventory thresholds.

LiDAR measures volume and point cloud data

The LiDAR sensor generates a dense cloud of measurement points, and the data points are evenly distributed in the entire scene at a distance determined by the scanning parameters. The measurement data of most LiDAR applications (including volume measurement) can be exported as point data with intensity (XYZI). It can detect the XYZ coordinates of the material relative to the LiDAR and the intensity value directly related to the reflectivity of the scanned object, providing a view of the depth and reflectivity of the point cloud.

These values ​​can then be used to calculate the volume of the storage material. XYZ values ​​can generate minimum and maximum coordinate values ​​on the three axes, thus giving a hexahedral volume containing all points. The intensity value can be used to detect irregularities on the surface of the material, making the volume reading very accurate.

Examples of LiDAR in volume measurement applications The measurement and monitoring of powder and scattered solid stocks is a challenge faced by many industries. The sensors used are usually mechanical or too simplistic to provide the complete information required for accurate liquid level monitoring and inventory management in real time. Single-point lasers and millimeter-wave radars cannot create a complete 3D surface map, and ultrasonic sensors are affected by the signal absorption of the storage material, signal noise and reflection, limited range, and high power requirements. This can lead to inaccurate data and high installation costs.

In contrast, 3D LiDAR is not limited by these problems. For example, a LiDAR-based volume measurement system can be implemented in a wood chip factory to measure the volume of wood chips produced. The sensor can be installed on a pole, on a tall machine such as a crane, or even on a drone. The multi-point scanning capability makes LiDAR ideal for measuring volume in the irregular terrain of the wood chip pile and will provide the average, highest and lowest levels detected. Since the detection does not require ambient light, it can be measured in real time even at night, which means that the manufacturer can operate the system 24/7.

This application can also be extended to construction sites, such as excavating earth to build foundations. Lidar can be used to measure the volume of excavated materials. These data are very useful because the volume of excavated material determines how much truck loading is required, which is of great help in improving the efficiency and reliability of the supply chain.

LiDAR records and measures the volume of log piles

It is a difficult task to accurately measure the ever-changing log pile with extremely narrow intermediate space. Traditionally, experts have been using a scaling method that not only depends on the type of tree, such as pine, cedar, or fir, and the quality, but also requires manual measurement of the length and diameter of the log. This cumbersome and outdated method can easily be replaced by LiDAR because LiDAR can generate log deck length and area in real time.

LiDAR can obtain accurate data in real time, helps to track inventory in real time, and provides simplified, cost-effective and safer laser measurement. In addition, the safety of the operator can be ensured because the device can be installed and used at a safe distance, with a measurement range of up to 250m.

Innovative applications of lidar help break through industrial boundaries

LiDAR can make industrial automation processes more efficient and cost-effective. Using LiDAR in volume measurement and inventory tracking applications can accurately measure the volume of materials in real time, which can bring unprecedented operational efficiency to enterprises.

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According to reports, on October 3, China e-charging has charged a total of 15,668 electric vehicles in Hunan province, among which highway charging increased by 96% year-on-year, and some charging stations have queued up for charging. According to statistics from the State Grid, from October 1 to 3, the total charging capacity of the State Grid’s charging and swapping service network increased by 59% year-on-year, of which the charging capacity of highway charging facilities increased by 56.52% year-on-year, and the daily charging capacity of urban charging facilities increased by 75.23 year-on-year. %. From the perspective of the single-day charging capacity of highway charging facilities, the charging capacity of highway charging facilities reached 1.4292 million kilowatt-hours on October 1, nearly 4 times the normal daily charging capacity, a record high.

However, the problem of mismatched vehicle pile ratios will become increasingly prominent with the increase in vehicle ownership, and the current gap in charging piles is still relatively large.

As of the end of September, the number of New energy vehicles call was 6.78 million. This year, 1.87 million new energy vehicles have been registered, which is nearly 1.7 times that of 2020.

As of August 2021, the member units of the China Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Promotion Alliance have reported a total of 985,000 public charging piles, including 399,000 DC charging piles, 586,000 AC charging piles, and 414 AC/DC integrated charging piles. The cumulative number of charging infrastructure across the country was 2.105 million units, an increase of 52.3% year-on-year.

Based on the rough conversion of the above information, the ratio of public charging piles to piles is about 6.7:1. It is expected that China’s new energy vehicle ownership will reach 23 million in 2025, and the vehicle-to-pile ratio will reach a 1:1 level.

Therefore, new energy charging still needs to increase the construction of charging piles. On the other hand, in the face of dense and fast charging scenarios such as highways, it is also necessary to increase the deployment of DC charging, that is, fast charging charging piles. At present, the charging power of ordinary DC fast charging is 50kW-60kW, and it takes about 1 hour to fully charge. The high-power DC charging technology above 350kW that the industry has begun to deploy can shorten the charging time of new energy vehicles to 10-15 minutes.

Under the growing trend of the number of new energy vehicles, DC fast charging, especially high-power DC charging, will become a rigid demand. Of course, the scene of fast charging is not limited to this. For example, when there is a local power limit, various power banks with fast charging functions will also be welcomed by users. The fast charging application will drive a huge growth space in the industry chain such as power management chips, fast charging protocol chips, battery cells, GaN power chips, connectors, and cable harnesses.

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The focus of this Shenzhen Electronics Fair is the display of “All Things Connected” technology and application solutions, focusing on the 5G industry, showing MCU/SoC, RISC-V, storage, FPGA and AI chips, wireless communication modules, embedded systems, smart sensors, etc. New technology products and solutions. In addition, smart cars, fast charging, new energy, and third-generation semiconductors are all highlights of this exhibition.

At this Shenzhen Electronics Show, we saw that in the global core shortage environment, Chinese-made semiconductor manufacturers are encountering their golden period of development. Many manufacturers have seen their performance skyrocket this year, or they are opening up. Many new customers are also catching up with the leading international manufacturers in terms of products. It is believed that the domestic semiconductor industry will be able to obtain better driving force as the supply chain continues to develop in the direction of localization.

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Machine vision systems use very short glare flashes to produce high-speed images for various data processing applications. For example, fast-moving conveyor belts use machine vision systems for rapid labeling and defect detection. Infrared and laser LED flashes are commonly used in machine vision for short-range and motion detection. The security system emits high-speed, imperceptible LED flashes to detect movement, capture and store security images.

A challenge that all these systems have is to generate very high current and short-term (microsecond) LED camera flash waveforms, which may spread out over a long period of time, such as 100 ms to more than 1 s. It is not easy to generate short-term LED flash square waves with longer intervals. When the driving current of the LED (or LED string) rises above 1 A, and the LED turn-on time is shortened to a few microseconds, the challenge is further increased. Many LED driver with high-speed PWM capabilities may not be able to effectively handle long off-time and short-time high currents without degrading the quality of the square wave required to properly process high-speed images.

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It is foreseeable from the direction of building a new power system with new energy as the main body. The development of energy storage business is entering a fast lane. The rise of energy storage has brought about increasing market demand for energy storage devices and innovation in energy storage technology. Changes have higher requirements. Because lithium battery has high storage energy density; long service life; high power endurance; low self-discharge rate; light weight; strong adaptability to high and low temperature; does not contain and does not produce any lead, mercury, cadmium and other toxic and harmful heavy metal elements and substances , Green and environmental protection and other advantages, have become the first choice for energy storage methods. And good manufacturing processes and technologies have become the key to ensuring the performance advantages of lithium batteries. As an indispensable process in the production process of lithium batteries, battery chemical composition plays a vital role in the performance of lithium batteries. The quality of formation directly affects the first efficiency, cycle life and thermal stability of lithium batteries. Sex and safety performance.

Generally speaking, the process of battery formation is divided into constant current charging, constant voltage charging and constant power charging, constant current discharge, constant power discharge and constant resistance discharge phases. The battery formation process has error requirements for the measurement of lithium battery charging and discharging current and voltage. It is higher, so a current sensor with higher precision requirements is needed to ensure that the overall accuracy of the chemical conversion equipment meets the high requirements and high standards. In addition, the formation process also has strict requirements on temperature, so the temperature drift performance of the current sensors is also very important.

Formation: generally refers to the implementation of a series of technological measures to stabilize the performance of the first charged battery, including low-current charging and discharging, and constant temperature standing. Activate the battery, charge the battery cell with a small current, activate its internal positive and negative materials, and form an SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode, which makes the battery performance more stable. The battery can only show its true performance after being formed. If the battery cell is not formed, it cannot be charged and discharged normally.

Capacity classification: A simple understanding is capacity sorting, performance screening and grading.

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This session of the International Service Trade Fair will host the “2021 China E-Commerce Conference”, “New Trends in the Development of Service Trade” Summit Forum, “Service Trade Facilitation from the Perspective of Multinational Companies” Summit Forum, and “Digital Trade Development Trends and Frontiers” The five summit forums, “Summit Forum, 2021 Xiangshan Tourism Summit and World Tourism Cooperation and Development Conference”, will focus on business opportunities in digital education, high-quality development of service trade, open cooperation, new digital ecology, and revitalization of world tourism. Conduct in-depth discussions on strategic and structural issues of global service trade.

Zhang Haocheng, leader of the Conference and Forum Group of the Executive Committee Conference and Exhibition Activities Group: 186 important guests from home and abroad will participate online or offline, including the Secretary-General of the United Nations World Tourism Organization, the Deputy Director-General of the World Trade Organization and other 20 heads of international organizations.

In addition, the forum will release more than 30 reports, standards and indexes including “China Service Trade Development Report 2020”, “World Tourism City Development Report”, and “China Industrial Internet Industry Economic White Paper”.

At the same time, more than 10 international public procurement alliances, food supply chain alliances, global financial supervision alliances, international Chinese medicine education alliances, ecological sustainable development alliances, etc. will be established in logistics procurement, food supply chain, finance, traditional Chinese medicine, ecological environment and other industries. Alliances, think tanks and platforms.

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According to Reuters, as the earthquake caused severe damage to several hospitals in the disaster area, doctors were forced to set up makeshift tents outdoors to rescue the wounded. The medical system in the disaster-stricken area in Haiti is currently in an overloaded state. The hospital is overcrowded. Some injured patients lie in the corridors for treatment, and some even died because they were unable to receive treatment in time.

On the afternoon of the 16th, the tropical depression “Grace” landed in the country, and the heavy rainfall it brought caused floods and landslides. These disasters have caused great obstacles to the disaster-stricken area. Rescuers were unable to reach the disaster-stricken area in time due to the blockage of roads. Part of the rescue work was also suspended for one day due to inclement weather. Some people in the disaster area took the risk of aftershocks and hid indoors in order to avoid violent storms.

Bruno Maes, UNICEF representative in Haiti, expressed concern about the current situation. He said that countless Haitian families have lost everything due to the earthquake, and now “their feet are soaked in the water because of the flood.” He said that more than 500,000 Haitian children have difficulty accessing shelter, safe water and medical care.

Haitian economist Etzer Emile believes that the earthquake will almost certainly cause the already troubled southwestern part of Haiti into longer-term poverty.

On the 17th, the United Nations announced an allocation of 8 million U.S. dollars, and the European Union announced an emergency allocation of 3 million euros to provide relief to the affected people in Haiti. Latin American countries such as Venezuela, Chile, Mexico, and Panama have shipped food, medicine and other materials to Haiti. The United States also sent search and rescue teams to assist the disaster-stricken areas.

In memory of the victims of the earthquake, Haiti has entered a three-day national mourning since the 17th. According to other sources, the life order in the capital Port-au-Prince has basically returned to normal, and there are no reports of casualties among overseas Chinese in the earthquake.

According to the US Geological Survey Earthquake Information Network, at 7:29 on the 14th local time, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurred in the province of Nips in western Haiti. The epicenter is about 150 kilometers away from Port-au-Prince and the focal depth is about 10 kilometers.

In 2010, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Haiti caused more than 300,000 deaths. Part of the post-disaster reconstruction work has not yet been completed.

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At 3 o’clock in the morning on August 11, the customs checkpoint in the Meishan Bonded Port Area was temporarily closed to prohibit entry of waijika, and the exit checkpoint was closed. waijika and all personnel stranded in the port were prohibited from going out. Meishan Wharf also issued a notice about the suspension of the service of carrying containers at around 6 am on August 11.

Zhoushan Port is the world’s largest port in terms of cargo throughput. The current suspension of container pick-up services will have an impact on the already chaotic shipping market.

High risk of abandonment in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Chittagong is the largest port in Bangladesh. It is located on the northeast coast of the Bay of Bengal and is responsible for more than 70% of Bangladesh’s import and export cargo transportation. At present, more than 4,000 containers arrive at the port every day, and more than 60% of the cargo comes from China. April to October is the busiest season in Chittagong Port. The epidemic has caused this Dagang, which is already known as the “No. 1 Block in the World”, into an endless loop.

Vietnam’s two major ports suspend receiving some containers

The two major ports in Vietnam, Gloria Port Terminal and Xingang Gemei International Port Terminal (TCIT) have notified that they will suspend receiving some containers from August 5, 2021.

Waiting for unloading at US West Port

According to the latest data from the signal platform of the Port of Los Angeles, there are currently 19 container ships waiting at anchorages in Southern California and 11 ships waiting outside the port, with an average waiting time of 5.8 days.

According to Drewry’s latest report, of the 496 voyages on major routes across the Pacific, transatlantic, Asia to Northern Europe, and the Mediterranean, 24 voyages have been announced to be cancelled between week 31 and week 34, with a cancellation rate of 5%. . According to the latest statistics of Seaexplorer, there are as many as 396 container ships berthed in Port Congestion worldwide.

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With the rebound of international prices, the price of metals in Russia has risen sharply since the end of 2020. The first complaint about this is the construction industry. To solve this problem, the Russian government has discussed a plan to allow real estate developers to directly trade with metal product manufacturers and eliminate intermediate links. But Russia’s First Deputy Prime Minister Andrei Belousov terminated the discussion. He announced that the revenue of the Russian metallurgical industry will increase substantially in 2020, reaching 100 billion rubles (approximately 1.369 billion U.S. dollars).

According to reports, Russian customs statistics confirm that Russian metallurgical companies have increased their export revenues. In terms of quantity, the export volume of Russian flat sheets from January to May this year increased by 10%. In terms of value, exports increased by 63% to US$2.3 billion. The situation for ferrous metals is similar-in the case of a 5% increase in export volume, export revenue during the same period increased by 45% to US$9.5 billion.

Therefore, the Russian government agreed at a public meeting at the end of June to impose export tariffs on more than 340 metal products. Since August 1, new regulations have been implemented for rolled products, steel bars, billets, steel wires, steel ingots, copper, nickel, and low-grade aluminum. The new tariff is composed of a base rate of 15% and a special rate of U.S. dollars per ton. The Russian Ministry of Finance estimates that the new measures in the next five months will bring at least 160 billion rubles to the budget.

According to the report, the metallurgical industry regards the government’s new regulations as fiscal measures, and said that this may have a negative impact on corporate investment. According to estimates by Norilsk Nickel, the company’s losses due to export tariffs are 500 million U.S. dollars. RUSAL is expected to have a revenue gap of “hundreds of millions of dollars”.

Rusal also warned that additional tariffs would make some products unprofitable, and it has requested an adjustment to the tax amount from the Ministry of Finance. The Ministry of Finance confirmed to reporters at the end of July that it was studying related requests, but the decision to impose tariffs will take effect as originally planned.

Not only that, the Russian government is considering increasing the tax burden of metallurgical enterprises from 2022. Russian Deputy Finance Minister Alexei Sazanov told reporters that this refers to linking the mining tax rate to international prices, so that, like the oil industry, it can recover super-high profits during periods of high prices.

Sazhanov also stated that the price super cycle in the raw material market will not last beyond 2022. He believes that the price rebound is mainly related to the lifting of the new crown epidemic lockdown measures. “Therefore, when demand becomes saturated, the super cycle can be expected to end.”

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The Fed may shrink its balance sheet after September

The Federal Reserve concluded its two-day monetary policy meeting on the 28th and announced that it would maintain the target range of the federal funds rate between zero and 0.25%, which is in line with market expectations.

The Federal Reserve issued a statement on the same day that, with the progress of new crown vaccination and strong policy support, US economic activity and employment indicators continue to strengthen. The economic sectors most affected by the epidemic have improved, but they have not yet fully recovered. At the same time, the increase in the inflation rate largely reflects temporary factors, and the overall financial situation remains accommodative.

The Federal Reserve reiterated that the economic outlook will largely depend on the development of the epidemic. Advances in vaccination may continue to reduce the economic impact of the public health crisis, but risks to the economic outlook remain.

The Federal Reserve said in the statement that it will continue to increase its holdings of US Treasury bonds at a rate of at least US$80 billion per month, and purchase institutional mortgage-backed securities at a rate of no less than US$40 billion per month, until the two major goals of full employment and price stability Substantial progress has been made. The Fed believes that since December 2020, the U.S. economy has made progress towards these two goals, and the Fed will continue to evaluate these developments in future meetings.

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell said at a press conference after the meeting that with the support of vaccination and fiscal policy, US economic activity has continued to rebound from a downturn. However, supply constraints are inhibiting some industry activities, especially in the automotive industry in the context of a global semiconductor shortage, which has reduced its output significantly. At the same time, labor market conditions continue to improve, but they are still far from achieving a complete and balanced recovery.

Powell believes that the unprecedented economic restart process is pushing up inflationary pressures. In particular, supply bottlenecks in some industries limit the production speed and cause greater price pressure. As the economy continues to open up, the possibility of higher and more lasting inflation than expected is increasing.

But he also said that the current inflationary pressure is mainly concentrated in a few economic categories and has not spread to the entire economic field. In the short term, inflation risks may be upward, but in the medium term, inflation is expected to fall. If there are signs that long-term inflation expectations are “substantially and consistently” exceeding the target level, the Fed will adjust its monetary policy stance.

Reuters quoted the view of the chief economist of Capital Tertiary, Basta, saying that this “slightly optimistic” policy statement opened the door to the announcement of a slower debt purchase in September, provided that employment growth is strong and new cases are added. Will not affect expenditure.

Busta said that the Fed admitted that it has made some progress in achieving its goals, “it seems to be so that they can have an option, which is to announce an adjustment to the bond purchase plan as soon as September.”

The industry generally believes that the Fed did not issue clear guidance this time, and now the focus is now on the Jackson Hole annual central bank meeting in August. Reid, head of global fixed-income investment at the investment company BlackRock, said that the Fed is expected to begin to outline the reduction plan at the Jackson Hole meeting and will give more details at the September policy meeting.

Push a new mechanism to resolve market concerns

The Federal Reserve also announced the establishment of two standing repurchase agreement arrangements on the 28th, including domestic repurchase agreements (SFR) and repurchase agreement arrangements (FIMA) for foreign and international monetary authorities to support the effective implementation of monetary policy and the smooth operation of the market , To a certain extent to resolve the worries caused by the planned tightening of monetary policy.

The Federal Reserve stated that the domestic repurchase agreement came into effect on the 29th. The Federal Reserve said that this new tool will accept primary dealer institutions to exchange securities backed by U.S. Treasury bonds, agency debt and agency mortgage loans for a one-day cash loan at an interest rate of 0.25%. The Fed stated that the daily loan limit for the mechanism is US$500 billion. The Federal Reserve provides similar tools to foreign official agencies.

The Federal Reserve stated that in the future it will expand the scope of the permanent repurchase mechanism to banks that accept deposits. The mechanism for primary dealers will operate daily, while the mechanism for foreign central banks will operate as needed.

The American “Wall Street Journal” article stated that the establishment of such a permanent mechanism will reduce the possibility that the Fed will have to temporarily increase liquidity to the market through a repurchase agreement. These repurchases are in fact short-term cash loans provided to eligible financial companies, with U.S. Treasury bonds or mortgage bonds as collateral. In the past few years, the Fed had to carry out these repurchase operations to increase banking reserves and help overcome the first wave of market panic caused by the new crown epidemic.

After the announcement of the Fed’s statement, the key market indicator, the 10-year Treasury bond yield rose to a daily high of 1.278%, and then fell back to 1.228%.

The Bank of Korea said on the 29th that the Fed’s decision was in line with expectations and had limited impact on the global market.

Many countries are preparing to respond to the shift in U.S. monetary policy

As the U.S. economy has basically recovered to its pre-epidemic level, people from all walks of life are concerned about the timing of its austerity, and many central banks are preparing to adopt an early austerity policy to respond.

The Bank of England will announce its interest rate decision on August 5 and announce the minutes of the meeting. The bank may maintain its full-speed stimulus policy unchanged, but two decision-making officials said that due to accelerating inflation, the bond purchase plan of nearly 900 billion pounds (about 1.2 trillion US dollars) may have to end early.

In fact, since March this year, many emerging economies, including Russia and Turkey, have gradually tightened their monetary policies. Last Friday, Russia announced an interest rate hike of 100 basis points to 6.5%, which was the largest rate hike since the 2014 ruble crisis. Russia’s central bank governor Nabiulina has stated many times before that domestic inflationary pressures are not temporary. Looking ahead, the Central Bank of Russia predicts that this year’s inflation rate will be 5.7%-6.2%, which is far higher than the central bank’s target of 4%.

After the Federal Reserve’s interest rate meeting released last month’s attitude to study the scale of downsizing, Latin America’s Brazil, Mexico, and Chile successively announced their interest rate hike decisions. In addition to coping with inflationary pressures, preventing the Fed’s policy spillover effects in advance is also one of the considerations.

In 2013, the then Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke hinted that he would reduce debt purchases and triggered a “reduction panic.” Morgan Stanley analyst Lord Lord proposed the concept of the “fragile five countries”: emerging economies that account for 7% of the global economy Brazil, Indonesia, India, Turkey, and South Africa have been challenged by negative factors such as inflationary pressures, exchange rate overvaluations, and huge current account deficits, and their economic growth has slowed down. Take Indonesia as an example. At the beginning of 2014, the country’s current account deficit rate rose to 4.4% of gross domestic product (GDP), well above the 3% warning line, and the capital market fluctuated significantly.

Market participants predict that as many countries have begun or prepared in advance to respond to the Fed’s measures to shrink the balance sheet, the spillover effect of the US monetary policy shift will be limited.

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