According to Reuters, as the earthquake caused severe damage to several hospitals in the disaster area, doctors were forced to set up makeshift tents outdoors to rescue the wounded. The medical system in the disaster-stricken area in Haiti is currently in an overloaded state. The hospital is overcrowded. Some injured patients lie in the corridors for treatment, and some even died because they were unable to receive treatment in time.

On the afternoon of the 16th, the tropical depression “Grace” landed in the country, and the heavy rainfall it brought caused floods and landslides. These disasters have caused great obstacles to the disaster-stricken area. Rescuers were unable to reach the disaster-stricken area in time due to the blockage of roads. Part of the rescue work was also suspended for one day due to inclement weather. Some people in the disaster area took the risk of aftershocks and hid indoors in order to avoid violent storms.

Bruno Maes, UNICEF representative in Haiti, expressed concern about the current situation. He said that countless Haitian families have lost everything due to the earthquake, and now “their feet are soaked in the water because of the flood.” He said that more than 500,000 Haitian children have difficulty accessing shelter, safe water and medical care.

Haitian economist Etzer Emile believes that the earthquake will almost certainly cause the already troubled southwestern part of Haiti into longer-term poverty.

On the 17th, the United Nations announced an allocation of 8 million U.S. dollars, and the European Union announced an emergency allocation of 3 million euros to provide relief to the affected people in Haiti. Latin American countries such as Venezuela, Chile, Mexico, and Panama have shipped food, medicine and other materials to Haiti. The United States also sent search and rescue teams to assist the disaster-stricken areas.

In memory of the victims of the earthquake, Haiti has entered a three-day national mourning since the 17th. According to other sources, the life order in the capital Port-au-Prince has basically returned to normal, and there are no reports of casualties among overseas Chinese in the earthquake.

According to the US Geological Survey Earthquake Information Network, at 7:29 on the 14th local time, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake occurred in the province of Nips in western Haiti. The epicenter is about 150 kilometers away from Port-au-Prince and the focal depth is about 10 kilometers.

In 2010, a magnitude 7.3 earthquake in Haiti caused more than 300,000 deaths. Part of the post-disaster reconstruction work has not yet been completed.

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The Fed may shrink its balance sheet after September

The Federal Reserve concluded its two-day monetary policy meeting on the 28th and announced that it would maintain the target range of the federal funds rate between zero and 0.25%, which is in line with market expectations.

The Federal Reserve issued a statement on the same day that, with the progress of new crown vaccination and strong policy support, US economic activity and employment indicators continue to strengthen. The economic sectors most affected by the epidemic have improved, but they have not yet fully recovered. At the same time, the increase in the inflation rate largely reflects temporary factors, and the overall financial situation remains accommodative.

The Federal Reserve reiterated that the economic outlook will largely depend on the development of the epidemic. Advances in vaccination may continue to reduce the economic impact of the public health crisis, but risks to the economic outlook remain.

The Federal Reserve said in the statement that it will continue to increase its holdings of US Treasury bonds at a rate of at least US$80 billion per month, and purchase institutional mortgage-backed securities at a rate of no less than US$40 billion per month, until the two major goals of full employment and price stability Substantial progress has been made. The Fed believes that since December 2020, the U.S. economy has made progress towards these two goals, and the Fed will continue to evaluate these developments in future meetings.

Federal Reserve Chairman Powell said at a press conference after the meeting that with the support of vaccination and fiscal policy, US economic activity has continued to rebound from a downturn. However, supply constraints are inhibiting some industry activities, especially in the automotive industry in the context of a global semiconductor shortage, which has reduced its output significantly. At the same time, labor market conditions continue to improve, but they are still far from achieving a complete and balanced recovery.

Powell believes that the unprecedented economic restart process is pushing up inflationary pressures. In particular, supply bottlenecks in some industries limit the production speed and cause greater price pressure. As the economy continues to open up, the possibility of higher and more lasting inflation than expected is increasing.

But he also said that the current inflationary pressure is mainly concentrated in a few economic categories and has not spread to the entire economic field. In the short term, inflation risks may be upward, but in the medium term, inflation is expected to fall. If there are signs that long-term inflation expectations are “substantially and consistently” exceeding the target level, the Fed will adjust its monetary policy stance.

Reuters quoted the view of the chief economist of Capital Tertiary, Basta, saying that this “slightly optimistic” policy statement opened the door to the announcement of a slower debt purchase in September, provided that employment growth is strong and new cases are added. Will not affect expenditure.

Busta said that the Fed admitted that it has made some progress in achieving its goals, “it seems to be so that they can have an option, which is to announce an adjustment to the bond purchase plan as soon as September.”

The industry generally believes that the Fed did not issue clear guidance this time, and now the focus is now on the Jackson Hole annual central bank meeting in August. Reid, head of global fixed-income investment at the investment company BlackRock, said that the Fed is expected to begin to outline the reduction plan at the Jackson Hole meeting and will give more details at the September policy meeting.

Push a new mechanism to resolve market concerns

The Federal Reserve also announced the establishment of two standing repurchase agreement arrangements on the 28th, including domestic repurchase agreements (SFR) and repurchase agreement arrangements (FIMA) for foreign and international monetary authorities to support the effective implementation of monetary policy and the smooth operation of the market , To a certain extent to resolve the worries caused by the planned tightening of monetary policy.

The Federal Reserve stated that the domestic repurchase agreement came into effect on the 29th. The Federal Reserve said that this new tool will accept primary dealer institutions to exchange securities backed by U.S. Treasury bonds, agency debt and agency mortgage loans for a one-day cash loan at an interest rate of 0.25%. The Fed stated that the daily loan limit for the mechanism is US$500 billion. The Federal Reserve provides similar tools to foreign official agencies.

The Federal Reserve stated that in the future it will expand the scope of the permanent repurchase mechanism to banks that accept deposits. The mechanism for primary dealers will operate daily, while the mechanism for foreign central banks will operate as needed.

The American “Wall Street Journal” article stated that the establishment of such a permanent mechanism will reduce the possibility that the Fed will have to temporarily increase liquidity to the market through a repurchase agreement. These repurchases are in fact short-term cash loans provided to eligible financial companies, with U.S. Treasury bonds or mortgage bonds as collateral. In the past few years, the Fed had to carry out these repurchase operations to increase banking reserves and help overcome the first wave of market panic caused by the new crown epidemic.

After the announcement of the Fed’s statement, the key market indicator, the 10-year Treasury bond yield rose to a daily high of 1.278%, and then fell back to 1.228%.

The Bank of Korea said on the 29th that the Fed’s decision was in line with expectations and had limited impact on the global market.

Many countries are preparing to respond to the shift in U.S. monetary policy

As the U.S. economy has basically recovered to its pre-epidemic level, people from all walks of life are concerned about the timing of its austerity, and many central banks are preparing to adopt an early austerity policy to respond.

The Bank of England will announce its interest rate decision on August 5 and announce the minutes of the meeting. The bank may maintain its full-speed stimulus policy unchanged, but two decision-making officials said that due to accelerating inflation, the bond purchase plan of nearly 900 billion pounds (about 1.2 trillion US dollars) may have to end early.

In fact, since March this year, many emerging economies, including Russia and Turkey, have gradually tightened their monetary policies. Last Friday, Russia announced an interest rate hike of 100 basis points to 6.5%, which was the largest rate hike since the 2014 ruble crisis. Russia’s central bank governor Nabiulina has stated many times before that domestic inflationary pressures are not temporary. Looking ahead, the Central Bank of Russia predicts that this year’s inflation rate will be 5.7%-6.2%, which is far higher than the central bank’s target of 4%.

After the Federal Reserve’s interest rate meeting released last month’s attitude to study the scale of downsizing, Latin America’s Brazil, Mexico, and Chile successively announced their interest rate hike decisions. In addition to coping with inflationary pressures, preventing the Fed’s policy spillover effects in advance is also one of the considerations.

In 2013, the then Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke hinted that he would reduce debt purchases and triggered a “reduction panic.” Morgan Stanley analyst Lord Lord proposed the concept of the “fragile five countries”: emerging economies that account for 7% of the global economy Brazil, Indonesia, India, Turkey, and South Africa have been challenged by negative factors such as inflationary pressures, exchange rate overvaluations, and huge current account deficits, and their economic growth has slowed down. Take Indonesia as an example. At the beginning of 2014, the country’s current account deficit rate rose to 4.4% of gross domestic product (GDP), well above the 3% warning line, and the capital market fluctuated significantly.

Market participants predict that as many countries have begun or prepared in advance to respond to the Fed’s measures to shrink the balance sheet, the spillover effect of the US monetary policy shift will be limited.

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General Electric’s financial report showed that the company’s total orders and total operating income in the second quarter were 18.355 billion US dollars and 18.279 billion US dollars, up 33% and 9% year-on-year, respectively. The operating income was higher than market expectations of 18.14 billion US dollars.

Affected by this, under non-GAAP, the General Electric Industrial sector achieved free cash flow of US$388 million in the second quarter, compared with a negative US$2.067 billion in cash flow in the same period last year. Adjusted earnings per share were 5 cents, better than market expectations of 3 cents and minus 14 cents in the same period last year.

However, under the GAAP, GE’s net loss per share in the second quarter was 14 cents, better than the 26 cents per share loss in the same period last year.

General Electric raised its full-year free cash flow forecast for the industrial sector from US$2.5 billion to US$3.5 billion to US$3.5 billion to US$5 billion. Expectations remain unchanged.

In the second quarter, GE’s largest aviation sector orders and operating income were 5.492 billion U.S. dollars and 4.84 billion U.S. dollars, representing a year-on-year increase of 47% and 10%, respectively.

General Electric Chairman and CEO Larry Culp also said that operating profit margins in all sectors have improved. Driven by the medical and service sectors, business growth momentum is accumulating, and the aviation sector is showing early signs of recovery. General Electric is transforming into a more focused, simple and powerful high-tech industrial enterprise, driving more organic growth, and investing in breakthrough technologies.

Culp said in an interview with the media that General Electric has not been immune to inflation, and inflationary pressures will be even greater in the second half of the year. General Electric manages inflationary pressures by raising prices, improving procurement of parts and raw materials, eliminating waste, and increasing productivity.

Industrial manufacturer 3M announced its latest quarterly report on the 27th and also warned that the soaring cost of raw materials and freight will affect its annual profit and also affect its second-quarter results. 3M’s financial report data showed that the company’s second-quarter sales increased by 24.7% year-on-year to US$8.9 billion, higher than market expectations of US$8.56 billion. The financial report shows that 3M raised product prices, but failed to offset the impact of rising costs, which also put pressure on the profit margins of some businesses. The company raised its full-year raw material and logistics expenses from its previous forecast of US$0.3-0.5 per share to US$0.65-0.8 per share.

3M CEO Roman said that inflation will continue to exert pressure on the company in the second half of the year. From polypropylene, chemicals to other raw materials, as well as logistics and labor prices, there is still no sign of easing the pace.

An analysis report released by Bank of America this week pointed out that the number of times that listed companies mentioned “inflation” in their earnings call in the second quarter of this year has increased by more than 1,000%, or 10 times, compared with the same period last year. In the past few weeks, many companies have also mentioned on conference calls that they will use price increases to counter rising labor, raw materials and other costs.

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To judge the quality of high-voltage capacitors, it is mainly to judge whether there is internal breakdown! It can be measured with a shaking table (note that after the measurement, use a wire to discharge between the two poles, otherwise you will suffer electric shock). There are two other test methods as follows:

1. Use a multimeter to directly test the resistance at both ends. If you are using a pointer multimeter, like most capacitors, you can see the pointer swinging from small to large. See if the resistance returns to infinity.

2. It is connected to 220v AC mains in series to see if the bulb can light up normally. Determine whether the capacitor still has capacity. Whether the preliminary test is normal.

How to improve the life of high voltage capacitors
How to improve the life of high-voltage capacitors is a topic we have always been concerned about. According to this topic, I will tell you about the life of high-voltage capacitors. As long as you understand clearly the factors that determine the life of high-voltage capacitors, you can carry out targeted maintenance to increase the lifespan.

1) Current capability

Large overcurrent, long life of the capacitor

2) Partial discharge

This is the bottleneck of many domestic manufacturers. The larger the size, the harder it is to handle partial discharge.

However, after our long-term market practice, we found that the more the partial discharge is connected to 0PC, the better the performance and life in all aspects. For example, in the high-frequency pulse circuit, the partial discharge is small, and the ability to withstand high-frequency pulses is stronger. Longer life

3) Frequency characteristics

The frequency characteristic is often determined by the medium of the capacitor. That is to say, no matter whose product it is, as long as the same ceramic medium is used, the frequency characteristic of the capacitor is the same. For the same reason, a better frequency characteristic is used. The porcelain manufacturer, his capacitor will have a longer lifespan, so pay attention to the choice of materials when choosing a capacitor

4) Voltage level

Usually the voltage of the CT8G series capacitors we marked on high-voltage ceramic capacitors refers to DC voltage, but in practical applications, military products use DC voltage, and the power industry uses AC voltage to determine the life of a capacitor. Or the quality is good or bad, we can first judge from the voltage, whether it is used in military, civilian, or industrial use, everyone should remember that there are only capacitors with high AC voltage levels. The life of high-voltage capacitors is equivalent to indirect cost savings. Therefore, we must understand the source of the factors to be able to solve the problem.

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In order to demonstrate the importance of the new stealth fighter, Russia has set up an exclusive exhibition hall for it. The exterior wall of the exhibition hall is painted with a huge “general” word, which means that the Russian side regards the new stealth fighter as a decisive weapon on the battlefield.

The mature and reliable Su-57 has already entered service in batches. Why is Russia eager to develop a new stealth fighter? Obviously, this is to make up for the shortcomings.

After Su-57’s public appearance, all parties have been questioning its stealth ability.

It is undeniable that when developing the Su-57, the Russian aviation technology unit faced a situation of tight time, heavy tasks, and insufficient funds, and had to sacrifice some stealth capabilities in order to advance the project as soon as possible. However, now that it develops new stealth fighters, Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation is already at ease. It can not only learn from the mature and successful design of the Su-57, but also can calmly make up for its performance deficiencies.

In addition, the cost of a single-engine stealth fighter is relatively low, and the Russian Air Force can equip them in large quantities to replace old models such as Su-25, Su-24, and MiG-29 as soon as possible, forming advantages of scale and technology.

In terms of combat use, the new single-engine stealth fighter can better evade the enemy’s early warning aircraft and radar search, stealthily attack, secretly fight, and directly take the key on the complex aerial battlefield. Just like a high-ranking chess player, he can use the unexpected coup “general” to win with one move!

As Russian military expert Alexey Leonkov described, “The design of this stealth fighter’s profile and landing gear shows that it is a light fifth-generation fighter, and its appearance is not exactly the same as that of the Su-57. The wing swept angle is larger. This aircraft can be used to fight for air supremacy, can also be used for ground attack, and has a low-altitude penetration capability.”

At present, the United States and its allies are stepping up the deployment of stealth fighters in the surrounding areas of Russia in an attempt to create an “F-35 encirclement.” Russia is equipped with a large number of new stealth fighters, which can counterbalance NATO’s military containment and more effectively guard the air frontier. Russia understands that for a military power, it is not enough to have only a stealth fighter!

Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation has released a promotional video for the new stealth fighter. In the propaganda film, the foreign air force pilots seemed to receive notifications on their mobile phones, and then went to the airport to meet Russia’s new stealth fighter. The signal of the promotional video is very clear, the new stealth fighters must be exported as soon as possible!

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Haiti is an island country located in the northern part of the Caribbean Sea. The Indian word means “mountain place”. Haiti borders the Dominican Republic in the east, the Caribbean Sea in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the north, and across the sea from Cuba and Jamaica in the west, with a total area of 27,750 square kilometers.

Most Haitian residents believe in Catholicism. The official languages are French and Creole, and 90% of residents speak Creole. The capital, Port-au-Prince. Independence was declared on January 1, 1804, and the country was named Haiti. It was the first independent black country in the world. Black people accounted for 95% of the total population, so it was called the “Black Republic”.

Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world and one of the least developed countries. Its economy is dominated by agriculture and its infrastructure construction is very backward. Due to lack of energy, Haiti’s industry is very underdeveloped and the unemployment rate is extremely high. Two-thirds of workers have no fixed jobs. The United States is the largest aid country in Haiti. Between 1995 and 1999, it provided $884 million in aid to Haiti. Haiti maintains so-called “diplomatic relations” with the Taiwan authorities.

The inauguration ceremony of the new government was held in Port-au-Prince, the capital of Haiti, in the afternoon. Former Prime Minister Claude Joseph served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the new government. Many positions including the Minister of Finance and Economics of the new government are still held by former cabinet members.

Henry said in his inauguration speech that one of the first tasks of the new government is to restore social order, ensure national security, and create conditions for organizing presidential and parliamentary elections. He said that the new government will optimize the investment environment and work hard to repair the economy under the impact of the new crown epidemic and social crimes.

Before the inauguration ceremony, Henry held a mourning event for President Jovenel Moiz who was assassinated on the 7th. He expressed that he would thoroughly investigate the president’s assassination and bring the criminals to justice.

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Anti-government demonstrations in Bangkok continued to ferment. The Thai government issued an announcement at 4 am on the 15th, announcing that the Bangkok area will immediately enter a “very state of emergency” and prohibit gatherings of more than 5 people. Violators will be arrested and detained for up to 30 days. However, thousands of demonstrators continued to protest against the regulations on Thursday. In the morning, more than 20 people were arrested.

On the 15th, tens of thousands of demonstrators gathered at the Rachabasong intersection in Bangkok, demanding that the government release the protesters who were arrested that morning. Although the government has declared Bangkok a “very state of emergency”, the Thai police appear to have not taken action against the protesters.

On the morning of the 15th, Thai student leaders urged supporters to take to the streets on social media. According to Thailand’s “Bangkok Post”, the police arrested more than 20 protesters who had illegally assembled and resisted the police’s dispersal, including three organizers of the rally.

On the day of the public protest on the 15th, Thai Prime Minister Prayut signed an announcement declaring that Wednesday’s rally was “not a peaceful assembly recognized by the Constitution”, causing chaos, disrupting the royal family’s motorcade, and threatening national stability and public safety. And it is not conducive to preventing the new crown pneumonia epidemic, so it must be stopped in time.

Since July this year, a series of anti-government demonstrations have broken out in Thailand. Demonstrators have put forward demands for constitutional amendment and monarchy reform. The Associated Press stated that it was an “shocking turn” that Thai demonstrators began to criticize the royal family and monarchy. Agence France-Presse quoted Titinan, a political analyst at Chulalongkorn University, as saying that the current situation in Bangkok is “unstable.”

According to Thailand’s “World Daily” report, Prayut will hold a cabinet meeting on Friday to explain the situation regarding the announcement of the state of emergency. According to the law, the Prime Minister of Thailand has the right to make an independent decision to issue a state of emergency announcement, but he must notify the cabinet meeting within 3 days to get the approval of the cabinet meeting. Student leaders who participated in the rally at Ratchabasong Crossing on the 15th said that they called on the people to gather in this area again at 5 pm on the 16th to counter the government’s “extreme state of emergency” and declare the three major demands of the people.

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Under the new crown epidemic, tens of millions of people in the United States have encountered a “new era of hunger.” The British “Financial Times” website reported on the 23rd that affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the number of hungry people in the United States has increased significantly, and a considerable part of them are children.

According to the “Financial Times” website, Claire Bambino-Fentenotte, chief executive officer of America’s largest hunger relief organization in the United States, said that the new crown pneumonia epidemic has greatly aggravated relief work because of Americans in need. The number has surged. She said that despite living in a country with enough food to feed everyone, many Americans still go hungry for the first time in their lives.

According to reports, Bambino-Fentenotte gave some amazing numbers. She said that in 2020, due to the epidemic, the “food insecure” population in the United States may increase by 17 million. According to the estimates of “Relief to the United States”, this will increase the total number of this population from 37.2 million before the epidemic to 54 million. Of these hungry people, 18 million, or 1/3 are children. The National Broadcasting Corporation reported in July that a study by the Policy Research Institute of Northwestern University found that the epidemic has almost doubled the “feeling of food insecurity” in the United States. “Relief to the United States” estimated at that time that as family incomes have been drastically reduced due to the epidemic, about 40% of people who go to food banks receive food assistance for the first time.

The author of the report on the “Financial Times” website lamented that when he reported famine in Africa in the 1980s, he never expected that he would write about hunger in his homeland 40 years later. She described that outside a food bank in Queens, New York, locals lined up for 400 meters, which could cause traffic jams for several hours. A recent report by the New York Times described a similar scenario: hundreds of cars lined up outside the food bank, some of whom had never received relief food before. In Houston, charities provide food to as many as 2,000 people every six hours. The local community center distributed 567,000 pounds (approximately 257,000 kilograms) of food in 2019; the food distributed from March 18 to July 6, 2020 has reached 528,000 pounds.

“Only with a pension, I will be very tight.” Jorge Lopez, a retired city parking enforcement officer living in Chicago, told the Financial Times reporter. “I can’t afford to go to the grocery store.” He said, this Part of it is because he spends $600 a month to buy diabetes drugs, of which $100 must be paid out of his pocket. “Considering my income, this is very difficult. Sometimes I get a little desperate.”

Bambino-Fontenault said that the US federal government’s $1,200 stimulus check and a weekly unemployment benefit of $600 seemed to have worked for a while. In April, food charity demand surged 70% year-on-year, and after subsidies were issued, the growth rate dropped to 50%. But at the end of July, the figure climbed to 59% again. This figure does not reflect the impact of the federal government’s $600 weekly unemployment benefit expiring at the end of July. Bambino-Fontenault predicts that unless more funds are provided to those in need, there will be a huge shortage in the next 12 months.

With the advent of the “new era of hunger”, can Americans overcome the difficulties?

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1 Structure and performance characteristics of aluminum electrolytic capacitors Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are made of anode aluminum foil that has been corroded and formed with an oxide film, cathode aluminum foil that has been corroded, and the middle is wound with electrolytic paper, and then immersed in working electrolyte, and then sealed in the aluminum shell Made in China. Its performance characteristics are as follows.
1.1 The electric capacity per unit volume is very large

The capacitance of the capacitor C=ε0εrS/d, where ε0 is the vacuum permittivity (constant), εr is the relative permittivity of the dielectric material, S is the effective area of ​​the electrode, and d is the thickness of the dielectric material. For aluminum electrolytic capacitors, εr=8～10. The surface area of ​​anode aluminum foil and cathode aluminum foil can be increased by tens to hundreds of times through corrosion. d=αVf,α≈1.4nm/V, Vf=10V～600V, then d is about 0.014μm～0.9μm, which is several to several hundred times smaller than other capacitors. Therefore, the capacitance per unit volume of electrolytic capacitors is several to several tens of times larger than other capacitors.

1.2 Very large rated capacity Since the electrolytic capacitor adopts a winding structure, it is easy to expand the volume, so it can easily achieve a rated capacity of tens of thousands of microfarads or even hundreds of thousands of microfarads.

1.3 Has a self-healing effect. Because there is electrolyte inside the capacitor, during work, once the dielectric on the anode aluminum foil of the capacitor is locally damaged, the O2- or OH- or acid radical ions in the electrolyte will quickly reach under the action of the electric field force. The damaged position is blocked, and the damaged oxide film is repaired to restore the capacitor to its normal state.

1.4 Price advantage Because the main raw materials used in the manufacture of aluminum electrolytic capacitors are common industrial materials, the equipment used is general industrial equipment, and the degree of automation is relatively high, so the manufacturing cost is relatively low, especially the manufacturing cost per unit capacity is higher than other types. Capacitors have an overwhelming advantage.

2 The disadvantages of aluminum electrolytic capacitors

2.1 Possibility of polarity and leakage due to the polarity of electrolytic capacitors, you must pay attention to the correct connection of the positive and negative poles when using, otherwise not only the capacitor will not work, but also the leakage current is very large. It will generate heat, destroy the oxide film, and then damage it. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors are sealed with aluminum shells and rubber plugs. When the working electrolyte is heated and vaporized, it will easily leak from the root of the lead. After a long-term operation of the capacitor, the electrolyte will dry up and the capacitor will fail. This is one of the main failure modes of aluminum electrolytic capacitors.

2.2 The loss tangent value is large, the temperature and frequency characteristics are relatively poor. The working electrolyte acts as a cathode in the aluminum electrolytic capacitor. Because the working electrolyte is an ionic conductor, the movement speed of ions is much slower than that of electrons. , Resulting in the conductivity of the working electrolyte being lower than that of the electronic conductor. After immersing the electrolytic paper, the conductivity further decreases. Therefore, the equivalent series resistance caused by the working electrolyte is larger than the equivalent series resistance caused by the metal electrodes of other capacitors, resulting in a larger loss tangent value of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor , And the frequency characteristics are relatively poor. In addition, since the conductivity of liquid materials is greatly affected by temperature, the temperature characteristics of aluminum electrolytic capacitors are relatively poor.

3 The vitality of aluminum electrolytic capacitors With the development of science and technology, especially the development of integrated circuits (IC) and very large-scale integrated circuits (VLSI), people doubt whether the entire capacitor industry can continue to develop, and even whether there is room for survival. However, since 1987, the global production of capacitors has grown at a rate of more than 20% per year, making this suspicion self-defeating. Practice has proved that aluminum electrolytic capacitors have extremely strong vitality.

3.1 The development of IC cannot replace aluminum electrolytic capacitors. On the one hand, due to the emergence of IC, some small-capacity capacitors are integrated into the circuit; on the other hand, the development of IC has greatly increased the operating frequency of the circuit system, resulting in some aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The circuit is replaced by other capacitors. However, the power supply part of the IC circuit is always inseparable from the electrolytic capacitor. In addition, the improvement of the performance of aluminum electrolytic capacitors has also expanded to other capacitor applications.

3.2 The changes in the overall circuit only changed the aluminum electrolytic capacitor model. The volume of the switching power supply continues to shrink and the energy conversion efficiency continues to increase, making the switching power supply’s operating frequency continue to increase (from 20kHz to 500kHz, or even above 1MHz), resulting in its output Part of the high-frequency noise increases, in order to effectively filter, must use ultra-low high-frequency impedance or low equivalent series resistance (ESR) capacitors.

4 A rare opportunity for aluminum electrolytic capacitors

The advent of the information age and the emergence of the knowledge economy have not only brought good news to the global economy, but also brought unprecedented prosperity to the electronics industry. Similarly, aluminum electrolytic capacitors have also achieved unprecedented development.

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